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% Packages
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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{hlhlhl (hlhlhl)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (linux-file-and-directory-commands.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (hlhlhl (hlhlhl))
  /Subject (Linux File and Directory Commands Cheat Sheet)
}

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% This two commands together give roughly
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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Linux File and Directory Commands Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{hlhlhl (hlhlhl)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/218585/cs/48349/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}hlhlhl (hlhlhl) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/hlhlhl} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 5th August, 2026.\\
   Updated 5th August, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Navigation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`pwd` & Display current working directory \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`cd` & Change directory \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`ls` & List files and directories \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`tree` & Display directory tree \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.19448 cm} x{3.78252 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Delete}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`rm` & Remove files/directories \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`rmdir` & Remove empty directories \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`shred` & Securely overwrite and remove files \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Information}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`stat` & Detailed file information \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`file` & Determine file type \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`ls -l` & File permissions and ownership \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`du` & Directory size \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`df` & Directory size \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Compare Files}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`diff` & Compare files line by line \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`cmp` & Compare byte by byte \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`comm` & Compare sorted files \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.19448 cm} x{3.78252 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Create}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`touch` & Create empty file/update timestamp \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mkdir` & Create directory \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{View Files}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`cat` & Display file contents \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`less` & View large files \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`more` & Simple pager \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`head` & First lines \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`tail` & Last lines \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`nl` & Display line numbers \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.39356 cm} x{3.58344 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Links}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`ln` & Create hard links \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ln -s` & Create symbolic links \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`readlink` & Display symbolic link target \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`realpath` & Resolve absolute path \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Archive \& Compression}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`tar` & Archive \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`cpio` & Archive \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`gzip` & Compress \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`bzip2` & Compress \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`xz` & Compress \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Copy \& Move}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`cp` & Copy files/directories \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`mv` & Move or rename files/directories \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Search}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`find` & Search files/directories \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`locate` & Fast filename search \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`which` & Locate executable \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`whereis` & Locate binary, source, man page \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Permissions \& Ownership}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`chmod` & Change permissions \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`chown` & Change owner \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`chgrp` & Change group \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`umask` & Set default permissions \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.39356 cm} x{3.58344 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Synchronization}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
rsync & Synchronize files/directories \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Disk Usage}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Utility}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`du` & Directory usage \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`df` & Filesystem usage \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}