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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{hlhlhl (hlhlhl)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (linux-network-commands.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (hlhlhl (hlhlhl))
  /Subject (Linux Network Commands Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Linux Network Commands Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{hlhlhl (hlhlhl)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/218585/cs/48362/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}hlhlhl (hlhlhl) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/hlhlhl} \\
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th August, 2026.\\
   Updated 9th August, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.54485 cm} x{1.88815 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interfaces \& IP Addresses}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`ip addr` & Show IP addresses/interfaces \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ip addr show eth0` & Show specific interface \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`ip link` & Show interfaces/link state \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ip link set eth0 up` & Enable interface \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`ip link set eth0 down` & Disable interface \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ip -s link` & Interface statistics \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`nmcli device status` & NetworkManager device status \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`nmcli connection show` & Show connections \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`hostname` & Show hostname \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`hostnamectl` & Hostname/system information \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.09856 cm} x{2.33444 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Legacy commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`ifconfig` & Interface configuration \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ifup` & Bring interface up \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`ifdown` & Bring interface down \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.3732 cm} x{2.0598 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Routing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`ip route` & Display routing table \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ip route get IP` & Show route used to reach IP \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`ip route add ...` & Add route \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ip route del ...` & Delete route \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`route -n` & Legacy routing table \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.23588 cm} x{2.19712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Connectivity}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`ping HOST` & Test connectivity \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ping -c 4 HOST` & Send 4 pings \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`tracepath HOST` & Trace network path \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`tracepath HOST` & Trace route to host \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`mtr HOST` & Continuous route/latency test \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ARP / Neighbor Table}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Modern: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`ip neigh` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Legacy: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
`arp -a`% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.40753 cm} x{2.02547 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNS \& Name Resolution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`dig DOMAIN` & DNS lookup \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`dig DOMAIN A` & Query A record \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`dig DOMAIN MX` & Query mail records \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`dig -x IP` & Reverse DNS lookup \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
nslookup DOMAIN & Basic DNS lookup \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`host DOMAIN` & Simple DNS lookup \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`getend hosts HOST` & Test system name resolution \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`resolvectl status` & DNS resolver status \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Important files: \newline /etc/hosts \newline /etc/resolve.conf \newline /etc/nsswitch.conf}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Network Configuration}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{NetworkManager}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`nmcli` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
`nmtui` \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{systemd-networkd}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`networkctl`% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.96124 cm} x{2.47176 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ports, Connections \& Troubleshooting}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`ss` & Display sockets \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ss -t` & TCP sockets \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`ss -u` & UDP sockets \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ss -l` & Listening sockets \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`ss -tulpn` & Listening TCP/UDP + processes \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ss -tan` & TCP connections numerically \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{t   = TCP \newline u  = UDP \newline l   = Listening \newline p  = Process \newline n  = Numeric}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.20155 cm} x{2.23145 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Network Testing Tools}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`curl URL` & Test HTTP/HTTPS \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`wget URL` & Download/test web resource \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`nc HOST PORT` & Test TCP/UDP port \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`tcpdump` & Capture network packets \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`nmap HOST` & Scan hosts/ports \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.30454 cm} x{2.12846 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Network Statistics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Purpose}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`ip -s link` & RX/TX statistics \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ss -s` & Socket summary \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`ethtool` & NIC/link information \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}